MicroRNA-17-5p (miR-17-5p) was indicated to suppress the formation of blood vessels, which is associated with cardiac function after myocardial infarction. In this study, the relationship between miR-17-5p and cardiac function was researched. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were infected with adenoviruses. Apoptosis was determined by Annexin V-7AAD/PI. Real-time RT-PCR was used to evaluate miR-17-5p and ERK levels. Western blotting was used to determine the levels of ERK, the anti-apoptosis protein bcl-2 and apoptosis proteins, including bax, caspase 3, and caspase 9. An in vivo acute myocardial infarction (AMI) model was established in SD male rats. Heart function was evaluated by echocardiography prior to inducing AMI and after 7 and 28 days later. The heart was removed to perform histological examination, real-time RT-PCR, and western blotting, as described above. The result indicated that the ERK pathway was activated by miR-17-5p downregulation and an increase in the level of the anti-apoptosis protein bcl-2; however, the levels of apoptosis proteins (bax/caspase 3/caspase 9) were decreased. The results were completely reversed when miR-17-5p was up-regulated. At 7 and 28 days after the induction of AMI, in the miR-17-5p inhibition group, the infarction areas and collagen fibers were decreased, apoptosis in cardiac tissues was inhibited, and the endothelial growth process was promoted. Therefore, MiR-17-5p silencing protects heart function after AMI through decreasing the rate of apoptosis and repairing vascular injury.Keywords: Apoptosis; Endothelial cells; MicroRNA-17-5p; Myocardial infarction.