Background:Several lines of evidence have demonstrated the tumor-promoting function of inflammation. Since many chemokines are important in coordinating immune cells during inflammation, monitoring intratumoral chemokines provides a way to study the tumor microenvironment. Methods:To identify tumorigenic chemokines, we compared two syngeneic mouse prostate cancer cell lines by an antibody array and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The tumor microenvironment was analyzed by monitoring gene expressions in mouse tumor tissues, primary cells, and tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILs). Result:We identified a group of pro-inflammatory chemokines associated with a tumorigenic transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate (TRAMP)-C1 cell line. In the tumor microenvironment, the TILs secrete a natural anti-inflammatory factor, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN), which inhibits the functions of pro-inflammatory molecules and likely accounts for tumor type-specific anti-inflammation functions. Conclusion:Our results support that tumor cells recruit TILs by pro-inflammatory chemokines to establish an IL1RN-mediated anti-inflammatory environment in the syngeneic prostate cancer model.Keywords:interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; tumor microenvironment; tumor-infiltrating leukocytes.

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