Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly malignant epithelial cancer linked to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Tumors are characterized by a lymphomononuclear infiltrate and the number of natural killer (NK) cells in tumors appears to be of prognostic significance. Standard treatment for NPC in adolescents and young adults consists of induction chemotherapy followed by radiochemotherapy. Though survival rates are above 80%, the majority of patients suffer from long-term side-effects, mainly related to radiotherapy. The addition of immunotherapy to induction chemotherapy could improve tumor response. Methods: We have investigated the killing of NPC cells by NK cells in the context of chemotherapy, using a panel of three nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines and a patient-derived xenograft. Cytotoxicity was measured using the calcein-release assay, while the contribution of different checkpoints and signaling pathways to killing was studied by siRNA-mediated gene silencing and chemical inhibitors. Results: Chemotherapeutics cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil and gemcitabine sensitized NPC cells to killing by NK cells. Chemotherapeutics led to upregulation of PD-1 in NK cells and PD-L1 in NPC cells via NF-κB. Inhibition of the PD-L1/PD-1 checkpoint by an anti-PD-1 antibody or siRNA increased NK-cell cytotoxicity towards NPC cells. Conclusion: The addition of an anti-PD-1 antibody to chemotherapy in patients with NPC could increase the efficacy of induction chemotherapy. If confirmed in a clinical trial, more efficient induction therapy could allow the dose of radiotherapy to be reduced and thereby diminish severe late effects of such therapy.Keywords: Chemotherapy; Interferon beta; Nasopharyngeal carcinoma; Natural killer cells; Nuclear factor kappa b; Programmed cell death ligand 1.

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乐备实是国内专注于提供高质量蛋白检测以及组学分析服务的实验服务专家，自2018年成立以来，乐备实不断寻求突破，公司的服务技术平台已扩展到单细胞测序、空间多组学、流式检测、超敏电化学发光、Luminex多因子检测、抗体芯片、PCR Array、ELISA、Elispot、PLA蛋白互作、多色免疫组化、DSP空间多组学等30多个，建立起了一套涵盖基因、蛋白、细胞以及组织水平实验的完整检测体系。

 
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