Treatment with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been revealed to suppress CD4+ T cells and autoimmunity in both mouse models and patients with primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS); however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) mediate CD4+ T cell activation, but the mechanism is not understood, particularly for CD4+ T cells treated with MSCs. Characterization of miRNAs may reveal pSS pathogenesis, guide MSC treatment and provide more personalized management options. The present study aimed to perform an miRNome analysis of quiescent and T cell receptor (TCR)‑activated CD4+ T cells treated with MSCs via miRNA profiles and bioinformatics. Following 72 h of co‑culture, MSCs inhibited TCR‑induced CD4+ T cell activation and decreased IFN‑γ levels. The numbers of aberrant miRNAs in pSS naïve (vs. healthy naïve), pSS activation (vs. pSS naïve), MSC treatment and pre‑IFN‑γ MSC treatment (vs. pSS activation) groups were 42, 55, 27 and 32, respectively. Gene enrichment analysis revealed that 259 pathways were associated with CD4+ T cell stimulation, and 240 pathways were associated with MSC treatment. Increased miRNA‑7150 and miRNA‑5096 and decreased miRNA‑125b‑5p and miRNA‑22‑3p levels in activated CD4+ T cells from patients with pSS were reversed by MSC treatment. Notably, the proliferation of CD4+ T cells and CD4+ IFN‑γ+ cells, expression levels of miRNA‑125b‑5p and miRNA‑155 in CD4+ T cells and supernatant IFN‑γ secretion were associated with disease activity. miRNA may play a vital role in MSC treatment for activated CD4+ T cells. The results indicated that the expression levels of miRNA‑125b‑5p and miRNA‑155 in TCR‑activated CD4+ T cells from patients with pSS may provide insight regarding autoimmune diseases and offer a novel target for prospective treatment. Therefore, these results may be crucial in providing MSC treatment for pSS.Keywords: CD4+ T cell; mesenchymal stem cells; microRNA; primary Sjögren syndrome; T cell receptor pathway.

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乐备实（上海优宁维生物科技股份有限公司旗下全资子公司），是国内专注于提供高质量蛋白检测以及组学分析服务的实验服务专家，自2018年成立以来，乐备实不断寻求突破，公司的服务技术平台已扩展到单细胞测序、空间多组学、流式检测、超敏电化学发光、Luminex多因子检测、抗体芯片、PCR Array、ELISA、Elispot、PLA蛋白互作、多色免疫组化、DSP空间多组学等30多个，建立起了一套涵盖基因、蛋白、细胞以及组织水平实验的完整检测体系。

 
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