Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is an attenuated bacterial vaccine used to protect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in regions where infections are highly prevalent. BCG is currently delivered by the intradermal route, but alternative routes of administration are of great interest, including intrapulmonary delivery to more closely mimic respiratory Mtb infection. In this study, mice subjected to pulmonary delivery of green fluorescent protein–tagged strains of virulent (Mtb) and attenuated (BCG) mycobacteria were studied to better characterize infected lung cell subsets. Profound differences in dissemination patterns were detected between Mtb and BCG, with a strong tendency of Mtb to disseminate from alveolar macrophages (AMs) to other myeloid subsets, mainly neutrophils and recruited macrophages. BCG mostly remained in AMs, which promoted their activation. These preactivated macrophages were highly efficient in containing Mtb bacilli upon challenge and disrupting early bacterial dissemination, which suggests a potential mechanism of protection associated with pulmonary BCG vaccination. Respiratory BCG also protected mice against a lethal Streptococcus pneumoniae challenge, suggesting that BCG-induced innate activation could confer heterologous protection against respiratory pathogens different from Mtb. BCG drove long-term activation of AMs, even after vaccine clearance, and these AMs reacted efficiently upon subsequent challenge. These results suggest the generation of a trained innate memory-like response in AMs induced by pulmonary BCG vaccination.

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乐备实是国内专注于提供高质量蛋白检测以及组学分析服务的实验服务专家，自2018年成立以来，乐备实不断寻求突破，公司的服务技术平台已扩展到单细胞测序、空间多组学、流式检测、超敏电化学发光、Luminex多因子检测、抗体芯片、PCR Array、ELISA、Elispot、PLA蛋白互作、多色免疫组化、DSP空间多组学等30多个，建立起了一套涵盖基因、蛋白、细胞以及组织水平实验的完整检测体系。

 
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