Over the past decade, our understanding of human diseases has rapidly grown from the rise of single-cell spatial biology. While conventional tissue imaging has focused on visualizing morphological features, the development of multiplex tissue imaging from fluorescence-based methods to DNA- and mass cytometry-based methods has allowed visualization of over 60 markers on a single tissue section. The advancement of spatial biology with a single-cell resolution has enabled the visualization of cell-cell interactions and the tissue microenvironment, a crucial part to understanding the mechanisms underlying pathogenesis. Alongside the development of extensive marker panels which can distinguish distinct cell phenotypes, multiplex tissue imaging has facilitated the analysis of high dimensional data to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets, while considering the spatial context of the cellular environment. This mini-review provides an overview of the recent advancements in multiplex imaging technologies and examines how these methods have been used in exploring pathogenesis and biomarker discovery in cancer, autoimmune and infectious diseases. Keywords: Biomarker discovery; CNS, Central nervous system; CODEX, Co-detection by indexing; CTLA-4, Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4; DSP, Digital Spatial Profiler; FF, Fresh-frozen; FFPE, Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded; FOXP3, Forkhead box P3; HER2, Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; HRP, Horseradish peroxidase; IDO, Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; IHC, Immunohistochemistry; IL-10, Interleukin-10; IMC, Imaging Mass Cytometry; MCI, Mass Cytometry Imaging; MIBI, Multiplexed Ion Beam Imaging; MS, Multiple sclerosis; Multiplex tissue imaging; PD-L1, Programmed death-ligand 1; PD1, Programmed cell death protein 1; Pathogenesis; ROI, Regions of interest; SARS-CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Spatial biology; Spatial proteomics; T1DM, Type 1 diabetes mellitus; TME, Tumor microenvironments; TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor alpha; TOF, Time-of-flight; TSA, Tyramide signal amplification.

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乐备实（上海优宁维生物科技股份有限公司旗下全资子公司），是国内专注于提供高质量蛋白检测以及组学分析服务的实验服务专家，自2018年成立以来，乐备实不断寻求突破，公司的服务技术平台已扩展到单细胞测序、空间多组学、流式检测、超敏电化学发光、Luminex多因子检测、抗体芯片、PCR Array、ELISA、Elispot、PLA蛋白互作、多色免疫组化、DSP空间多组学等30多个，建立起了一套涵盖基因、蛋白、细胞以及组织水平实验的完整检测体系。

 
我们可提供从样本运输、储存管理、样本制备、样本检测到检测数据分析的全流程服务。凭借严格的实验室管理流程、标准化实验室操作、原始数据储存体系以及实验项目管理系统，已经为超过3000家客户单位提供服务，年检测样本超过100万，受到了广大客户的信任与支持。