Background: Fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) exposure significantly exacerbates respiratory morbidity, particularly in asthmatic individuals, highlighting an urgent need for effective therapeutic interventions. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential and underlying mechanisms of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), a promising mesenchymal stem cell population, in mitigating airway inflammation in mice with PM_2.5-induced asthma exacerbation.

Methods: In a PM_2.5-exacerbated ovalbumin (OVA)-asthma murine model, hDPSCs were intravenously administered with MCC950 (NLRP3 inhibitor) as positive control, systematically evaluating their therapeutic effects on airway inflammation and pyroptosis through pulmonary function tests, histopathological examination, cytological and molecular analyses.

Results: The administration of hDPSCs ameliorated airway inflammation. Moreover, hDPSCs further alleviated Th2 inflammation and decreased serum IgE concentrations, along with a decrease in eosinophils in BALF. At the same time, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 levels in BALF and caspase-1 activity in lung tissues were reduced. In addition, immunohistochemistry showed that the expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, GSDMD, cleaved capsase-1 and IL-1β were reduced. The western blot results also showed that the expression level of NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD/cleaved capsase-1 in the classical pathway of pyroptosis decreased after hDPSCs intervention.

Conclusions: These findings provided the first evidence that hDPSCs transplantation attenuated allergic airway inflammation and mucus secretion in mice with PM_2.5-induced asthma exacerbation. Thus, hDPSCs exert these protective effects through suppression of the NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis pathway, suggesting their potential as a novel cell-based therapy for PM_2.5 inhalation-mediated asthma.

乐备实是国内专注于提供高质量蛋白检测以及组学分析服务的实验服务专家，自2018年成立以来，乐备实不断寻求突破，公司的服务技术平台已扩展到单细胞测序、空间多组学、流式检测、超敏电化学发光、Luminex多因子检测、抗体芯片、PCR Array、ELISA、Elispot、PLA蛋白互作、多色免疫组化、DSP空间多组学等30多个，建立起了一套涵盖基因、蛋白、细胞以及组织水平实验的完整检测体系。

 
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